EIC Detector Requirements
Electron Ion Collider
Detector Requirements
General, functional and performance requirements for the EIC Detector Systems as published on October 24th, 2022.
- NameDescription
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
These are the highest level requirements that define the function or purpose of the sub-system with respect to the overall system; i.e., "What it is."Detector Systems
- G-DET.1The EIC detector system shall be capable to detect all reaction products, related to the scattered electron, the scattered parton, and the remnant proton/ion, such that the impact of incomplete kinematic coverage on the respective science is minimized.
- G-DET.2The interaction region and detector system shall allow electron-ion collisions over the full energy range (√s = 29 GeV to 141 GeV), polarized beams, and a range of ion beams (√s = 29 GeV to 89 GeV), and allow measurements of luminosity and polarizations. The hadron polarimeters can be located at a different ring location.
- G-DET.3The EIC shall be upgradable with a second interaction region and detector system.
- G-DET.4The detector shall be installed in one of two available interaction points for the EIC, currently selected as IP-6.
- G-DET.5The central detector shall consist of a barrel augmented by a forward endcap and a backward endcap region forming the central detector to cover the rapidity range h between -4 and 4 for the measurements of electrons, photons, hadrons and jets.
- G-DET.6The central detector shall be augmented with detectors in the far backward region to measure scattered electrons at small scattering angles.
- G-DET.7The central detector shall be augmented with detectors in the far forward region to measure proton and ion remnants at small scattering angles.
- G-DET.8The polarimetry and luminosity detectors shall measure the electron and proton beam polarization and monitor the instantaneous collision luminosities.
Tracking Systems
- G-DET-TRAK.1The tracking systems shall provide coordinate measurements of charged particles traversing a magnetic field, and provide a sufficient lever arm to provide measurements of the momenta and angles of the particles.
- G-DET-TRAK.2Tracking functionality shall cover the backward, the barrel and the forward region.
- G-DET-TRAK.3The tracking system shall provide a measurement of the vertex coordinates in the barrel region.
Particle Identification Systems
- G-DET-PID.1The PID detector systems shall provide a means to separately identify pions, kaons and protons following the electron-ion collision.
- G-DET-PID.2The particle identification systems shall consist of backward, barrel, and forward sub-systems.
Barrel PID Systems
- G-DET-PID-BAR.1The PID detector in the barrel region shall provide identification of charged hadronic tracks by species of pions, kaons and protons
Forward PID Systems
- G-DET-PID-FWD.1The PID detector in the forward region shall provide identification of charged hadronic tracks by species of pions, kaons and protons
Backward PID Systems
- G-DET-PID-BCK.1The PID detector in the backward region shall provide identification of charged hadronic tracks by species of pions, kaons and protons
Electromagnetic Calorimetry Systems
- G-DET-ECAL.1EMCal shall provide measurements of photons, including ones from pi0, eta and other decays; and shall play a key role to identify scattered and decay electrons and measure their kinematic parameters
- G-DET-ECAL.2EMCal subsystem(s) shall cover the backward, the barrel and the forward region.
Barrel EMCAL
- G-DET-ECAL-BAR.1Barrel EMCal shall identify scattered electrons and measure their energy, in high Q2 events; it also serves to identify decay electrons, e.g. from vector or heavy flavor meson decays, and to measure DVCS photons and decay photons
Backward EMCAL
- G-DET-ECAL-BCK.1Backward EMCal shall identify scattered electrons and measure their energy, in low and medium Q2 events; it also serves to identify decay electrons, e.g. from vector or heavy flavor meson decays, and measure DVCS photons and decay photons
Forward EMCAL
- G-DET-ECAL-FWD.1Forward EMCal shall identify decay electrons, e.g. from vector or heavy flavor meson decays, and to measure DVCS photons and decay photons, e.g. from pi0 decays
Hadronic Calorimetry Systems
- G-DET-HCAL.1Hadronic calorimeter (HCal) subsystem must provide hadron energy measurement, in particular for the jet neutral component identification (neutrons and K-long's), as well as to serve as a tail catcher for the e/m calorimeters
- G-DET-HCAL.2Functionality shall cover the barrel and the forward region, and should cover the backward region.
Barrel HCAL
- G-DET-HCAL-BAR.1Barrel HCal shall provide adequate functionality for hadronic jet neutral component reconstruction at central rapidities
Backward HCAL
- G-DET-HCAL-BCK.1A future backward HCal shall provide functionality of a tail catcher for the high resolution e/m calorimeter in electron identification, as well as for jet kinematics measurement at small Bjorken x
Forward HCAL
- G-DET-HCAL-FWD.1Forward HCal shall play a crucial role in jet energy and kinematics reconstruction in the hadron endcap, complementing tracking and e/m calorimetry in the particle flow algorithms
Solenoid Magnet
- G-DET-MAG.1The EIC detector magnet shall provide a central field, a sufficiently large room temperature bore, and a magnet length consistent with the detector need to fulfill EIC science requirements
Electronics Systems
- G-DET-ELEC.1The EIC detector readout electronics shall provide the means to acquire, process and deliver detector signals to the DAQ system. Streaming readout shall be the default or nominal operation mode; to facilitate calibration and testing or debugging, a triggered operation mode shall be implemented at every level.
Data Acquisition and Computing Systems
- G-DET-COMP.1The COMP subsystem shall consist of all resources necessary to communicate with all DET subsystems in order to configure, control and monitor these systems as well as read, process and store data they generate.
- G-DET-COMP.2The COMP subsystem shall consist of COTS hardware where possible, and custom electronics as needed.
- G-DET-COMP.3The COMP subsystem shall use COTS and Open Source software where possible, and collaboration developed software, firmware libraries and applications as needed.
Offline Computing Systems
- G-DET-COMP-OFFLINE.1Offline computing resources shall be available via an external data center for optional experimental data processing and archival storage.
Detector Infrastructure
- G-DET-INF.1There will be distinct infrastructure requirements for the assembly hall, the collider hall, and the interaction region.
- G-DET-INF.2Infrastructure systems for the assembly hall shall include all power, water, environmental cooling, cryogenics, gas handling, space, material handling and support systems required to assemble and maintain the central detector systems.
- G-DET-INF.3Infrastructure systems for the collider hall shall include all power, water, environmental cooling, cryogenics, gas handling, space, material handling and support systems required to operate the entire detector systems.
- G-DET-INF.4Infrastructure systems for the interaction region shall include all power, water, environmental cooling, cryogenics, gas handling, space, material handling and support systems required to assemble, operate and maintain the far forward and far backward detector systems.
- G-DET-INF.5Infrastructure systems shall provide adequate space, environmental cooling, and distribution for DAQ and local computing.
- G-DET-INF.6Space and facilities for the experimental control room and operations shall be preserved.
IR Integration & Ancillary Detectors
- G-DET-ANC.1The EIC ancillary detectors should provide a measurement of particle scattering at small angles.
- G-DET-ANC.2The forward ancillary detectors shall provide a means to measure forward going charged particles (including those close to the beam core), forward going neutral particles, and to tag charged and neutral particles following decay.
- G-DET-ANC.3The backward ancillary detectors shall provide a means to measure scattered electrons.
B0 System
- G-DET-ANC-B0.1The B0 system will provide measurements of charged particles in the forward directions, it might include also tagging of neutral particles.
- G-DET-ANC-B0.2The B0-system will tag protons at higher angles (especially important for lower beam energies).
Low-Q2 System
- G-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.1The Low- Q2 detectors will measure the energy and position of the scattering electrons with Q2 below 1 GeV2 in the far-backward directions.
Roman Pots
- G-DET-ANC-ROMAN.1The Roman-Pots should provide measurements of charged particles close to the beam core.
Zero Degree Calorimeter
- G-DET-ANC-ZDC.3The Zero Degree Calorimeter should provide measurements of neutral particles (neutrons and photons).
Polarimetry and Luminosity Systems
- G-DET-POL.1The polarimeters at EIC shall measure the spin polarizations of the colliding beams.
- G-DET-POL.2The polarization lifetime must be measured for each fill of beams or bunches.
- G-DET-POL.3The polarization must be measured for each bunch of the beams.
Electron Polarimeter
- G-DET-POL-EPOL.1The EIC electron polarimeter system shall provide a measurement of the absolute beam polarization in the ESR and RCS. The ESR Compton must measure the polarization bunch-by-bunch and be sensitive to the beam transverse polarization profile.
ESR Compton Polarimeter
- G-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.1The ESR Compton shall measure the electron polarization in the electron storage ring.
RCS Compton Polarimeter
- G-DET-POL-EPOL-RCS.1The RCS Compton shall measure the electron polarization either in, or just after the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron.
Hadron Polarimeter
- G-DET-POL-HPOL.1The EIC hadron polarimeter system must provide a measurement of the absolute beam polarization in the HSR, the polarization lifetime and the transverse bunch polarization profile.
HJET Polarimeter
- G-DET-POL-HPOL-HJET.1The HJET polarimeter shall measure the absolute beam polarization for light hadron beams.
Proton Carbon Polarimeter
- G-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.1The pC polarimeter shall measure the relative polarization loss at flattop energy during a store and the transverse polarization profile of the hadron bunches.
- G-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.2The pC polarimeter near the experimental IR shall measure the orientation of the polarization vector (local polarimetry).
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
These requirements identify the features and capabilities that the sub-system must have in order to satisfy its general requirements; i.e., "What it does."Detector Systems
- F-DET.1The EIC detector shall be capable to operate over the full range of Center-Of-Mass energy (√s = 29 GeV to 141 GeV), at full luminosity, and for all ion species.
- F-DET.2The EIC central detector shall cleanly identify the electron-quark and electron-gluon scattering process to high efficiency by a combination of tracking, particle identification detectors and calorimeters.
- F-DET.3The EIC central solenoid magnet shall provide the means to momentum-analyze the charged particles associated with the hadrons produced in electron-quark / electron-gluon scattering process.
- F-DET.4The EIC central detector system shall allow for particle identification of pions, kaons and protons over a wide range of momentum in the barrel, forward endcap and backward endcap regions.
- F-DET.5The EIC central detector shall allow for heavy flavor and other long-living particle measurements through a vertex resolution.
- F-DET.6The EIC central detector shall allow for separation of single-photons from neutral-pion decay into two photons over a wide region in momentum.
- F-DET.7The EIC far-backward detector shall complement the central detector in the low- Q2 electron scattering region below 1 GeV2.
- F-DET.8The EIC far-forward detector shall measure proton/ion remnants with momenta up to less than 1% different from the proton/ion beam momentum.
Tracking Systems
- F-DET-TRAK.1The tracking system must provide a low detection threshold for pions and kaons.
- F-DET-TRAK.2The tracking system must provide high hermicity in exclusive and diffractive channels.
- F-DET-TRAK.3The tracking system must provide good impact parameter resolution for heavy flavor measurements.
Particle Identification Systems
Barrel PID Detectors
- F-DET-PID-BAR.1The PID Detector in the barrel region will require appropriate support structure to hold the detector in place as well as all sub-detector systems that reside within its bore.
- F-DET-PID-BAR.2The PID Detector in the barrel region will require appropriate support DC voltage and power for operating detector sensors and associated electronics.
- F-DET-PID-BAR.3The PID Detector in the barrel region will require cooling and removal of heat generated by detector electronics and digitizers.
- F-DET-PID-BAR.4The PID Detector in the barrel region will require detector signal transmission electronics and lines defined by the DAQ system.
- F-DET-PID-BAR.5The PID Detector in the barrel region will require survey marks or hooks for survey tools to determine its physical location in the barrel as a howl and its sub-components.
Forward PID Detectors
- F-DET-PID-FWD.1The PID Detector in the forward region will require appropriate support structure to hold the detector in place.
- F-DET-PID-FWD.2The PID Detector in the forward region will require appropriate support DC voltage and power for operating detector sensors and associated electronics.
- F-DET-PID-FWD.3The PID Detector in the forward region will require cooling and removal of heat generated by detector electronics and digitizers.
- F-DET-PID-FWD.4The PID Detector in the forward region will require detector signal transmission electronics and lines defined by the DAQ system.
- F-DET-PID-FWD.5The PID Detector in the forward region will require survey marks or hooks for survey tools to determine its physical location in the barrel as a howl and its sub-components.
Backward PID Detectors
- F-DET-PID-BCK.1The PID Detector in the backward region will require appropriate support structure to hold the detector in place.
- F-DET-PID-BCK.2The PID Detector in the backward region will require appropriate support DC voltage and power for operating detector sensors and associated electronics.
- F-DET-PID-BCK.3The PID Detector in the backward region will require cooling and removal of heat generated by detector electronics and digitizers.
- F-DET-PID-BCK.4The PID Detector in the backward region will require detector signal transmission electronics and lines defined by the DAQ system.
- F-DET-PID-BCK.5The PID Detector in the backward region will require survey marks or hooks for survey tools to determine its physical location in the barrel as a howl and its sub-components.
Electromagnetic Calorimetry Systems
- F-DET-ECAL.1Must fit in the available space.
- F-DET-ECAL.2The EMCal systems shall require adequate support structures, and survey marks to determine their physical location.
- F-DET-ECAL.3The EMCal systems shall require appropriate power and cabling to support operation of the detector elements.
- F-DET-ECAL.4Design must minimize the loss of functionality in transition between barrel and endcap regions.
- F-DET-ECAL.5Photosensors and readout electronics must tolerate the magnetic field in the subsystem location.
- F-DET-ECAL.6Must operate at full luminosity and expected background conditions (rad. dose, neutron flux).
- F-DET-ECAL.7Must provide adequate energy and position resolution for photon and electron measurements, and eID through E/p cut.
- F-DET-ECAL.8Shall provide discrimination between single photon and merged photon from pi0 decay.
- F-DET-ECAL.9Shall provide photon measurements down to 100 MeV.
- F-DET-ECAL.10Must provide timing sufficient to discriminate between different bunch crossings.
Barrel EMCAL
- F-DET-ECAL-BAR.1Shall provide electron energy measurements up to 50 GeV.
- F-DET-ECAL-BAR.2Shall provide photon measurements up to 10 GeV.
- F-DET-ECAL-BAR.3Must provide discrimination between single photon and merged photon from pi0 decay up to 5 to 10 GeV.
Backward EMCAL
- F-DET-ECAL-BCK.1Shall provide high precision measurements for electrons up to 18 GeV.
- F-DET-ECAL-BCK.2Shall provide measurements of scattered electrons for the events down to Q2=1 GeV2 (=> acceptance requirements).
- F-DET-ECAL-BCK.3Must provide strong eID capabilities down to 1 GeV/c.
- F-DET-ECAL-BCK.4Shall provide photon measurements up to 18 GeV.
- F-DET-ECAL-BCK.5Must provide discrimination between single photon and merged photon from pi0 decay up to 18 GeV.
- F-DET-ECAL-BCK.6Must provide photon measurements down to 50 MeV (to measure radiated photons).
- F-DET-ECAL-BCK.7A cooling system shall be provided for the lead-tungstate based detector.
Forward EMCAL
- F-DET-ECAL-FWD.1Shall provide electron and photon measurements up to 50 GeV.
- F-DET-ECAL-FWD.2Must provide discrimination between single photon and merged photon from pi0 decay up to 50 GeV.
- F-DET-ECAL-FWD.3Along with forward HCal, shall provide high precision jet measurements.
Hadronic Calorimetry Systems
- F-DET-HCAL.1The HCal systems shall require adequate support structures, and survey marks to determine their physical location.
- F-DET-HCAL.2The HCal systems shall require appropriate power and cabling to support operation of the detector elements.
- F-DET-HCAL.3Must operate reliably at a full projected EIC luminosity.
- F-DET-HCAL.4Must be resilient against harsh background conditions, high neutron flux in the IR area in particular, at the levels specified by the simulation studies.
- F-DET-HCAL.5Must provide a reasonable energy measurement for charged hadrons.
- F-DET-HCAL.6Must provide means for neutral hadron identification and energy measurement.
- F-DET-HCAL.7Must be compact enough to fit in the limited space allocated for the EIC detector, but at the same time have sufficient depth in order to efficiently contain the hadronic showers.
Barrel HCAL
- F-DET-HCAL-BAR.1Shall be optimized to provide hadron energy measurements at relatively small jet energies (up to few dozens of GeV).
Backward HCAL
- F-DET-HCAL-BCK.1Shall accommodate the future possibility of hadron measurements in the energy range up to few dozens of GeV.
- F-DET-HCAL-BCK.2Shall accommodate the future ability to complement e/m calorimeter by tail catching capability for electron ID purposes, especially below 3-4 GeV/c.
Forward HCAL
- F-DET-HCAL-FWD.1Must provide hadron energy measurements up to the highest hadron energies in a 250(p) x 18(e) GeV beam configuration.
- F-DET-HCAL-FWD.2The design must be coupled well with a compensated forward e/m calorimeter for high precision jet energy measurements.
Solenoid Magnet
- F-DET-MAG.1The EIC detector magnet must be consistent with the cryogenic capability of the supply.
- F-DET-MAG.2The EIC detector magnet shall fulfill the field specification (as specified in the magnetic field specification document), the main area for field specifications are (i) flat field area, (ii) RICH detector area, (iii) stray field at IR magnets, and (iv) stray field at the RCS location.
Magnet Instrumentation & Control
- F-DET-MAG-I&C.1The magnet control and instrumentation shall be able to read all the temperature and stress sensor in the magnet.
Magnet Cryogenics
- F-DET-MAG-CCR.1The cryocan should be able to hold the required volume of Liquid Helium and shall be protected for pressure overages.
- F-DET-MAG-CCR.2The cryo-flex line should have sufficiently low losses, so that the input temperature to the magnet can be maintained.
Magnet Power Supply
- F-DET-MAG-PSU.1Magnet power shall be able to supply required current to the magnet to produce a 1.7 T central field, with a stretch goal of 2 T.
Electronics Systems
- F-DET-ELEC.1The EIC detector readout electronics will provide signal conditioning to detector signals by the shaping constants, amplification, digitization and signal drive via discrete components and Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC).
- F-DET-ELEC.2The EIC detector readout electronics will process detector signals on the Front End Board (FEB). The FEB is typically characterized by the use of ASICs and customized for each type of sub-detector. Data transport off the FEB is made via optical fibers to FEPs or DAQ system.
- F-DET-ELEC.3The EIC detector readout electronics will process, collect and aggregate data within the Front End Processor (FEP). The FEP is typically characterized by the use of FPGAs. Data transport off the FEP is made via optical fibers to the DAQ, which may consist of FELIX-type cards, network servers or network switches.
- F-DET-ELEC.4The FEB and FEP boards will be remotely configured for proper operation of their programmable logic device, such as FPGAs. Processor boards or single board computers used with critical detector systems may require remote booting of OS.
Data Acquisition and Computing Systems
- F-DET-COMP.1COMP related resources shall require physical space in the experimental hall (aka DAQ Bunkers). In the experimental hall multiple designated locations must be available to provide necessary proximity to all instrumented DET systems.
- F-DET-COMP.2COMP related resources shall require physical space within the counting house. A single separated closed space for computing resources (Rack Room) shall be required in addition to a User occupied operations space (Control room).
- F-DET-COMP.3The COMP subsystem shall be designed to operate continuously, independent of the state of the other detector subsystems.
- F-DET-COMP.4Temperature and humidity levels in all spaces where COMP hardware exists must be maintained within specifications defined by the manufacturer or by custom electronics operational requirements.
Online Computing Systems
- F-DET-COMP-ONLINE.1Rack Room Online computing shall require communications patch panels supporting fiber optic access to both the experimental hall and to a data center.
- F-DET-COMP-ONLINE.2Rack room Online computing shall have an alternate power source available that is battery or generator backed-up for a subset of core resources in case of power outages.
Offline Computing Systems
- F-DET-COMP-OFFLINE.1External data center computing resources shall include COTS CPUs as well as ancillary computing hardware (e.g. GPUs, FPGAs) supporting AI and machine learning processing. Resources for volatile and archival storage shall also be available.
Detector Infrastructure
Cryogenic Systems
- F-DET-INF-CRYO.1A cryogenic transfer system shall be provided within the collider hall to allow cryogenic distribution for the experimental solenoid.
Mechanical/Structural Systems
- F-DET-INF-MECH.1Floors in the assembly and collider hall must be adequate to support the static and moving load of the experimental detector systems.
- F-DET-INF-MECH.2The existing rail system used to move the detector from the assembly hall to the collider hall should be preserved.
- F-DET-INF-MECH.3Cradles, carriages, platforms and other support systems from the STAR experiment shall be preserved for reuse.
- F-DET-INF-MECH.4The existing crane systems in the assembly hall and collider hall shall be preserved.
Electrical Systems
- F-DET-INF-ELECAll detectors require isolated power and grounding from facilities power systems. This will be accomplished from existing and newly installed Delta/Wye transformers with a single point star grounding (AKA clean or magnet ground) scheme at the WAH.
Cooling Systems
- F-DET-INF-COOLThe WAH requires cooling capacity adequate for the heat generated by the detector, detector sub systems, detector support electronics and facility systems in the WAH.
Gas Systems
- F-DET-INF-GASGas based detectors will require the appropriate gas handling systems.
IR Integration & Ancillary Detectors
- F-DET-ANC.1The Low Q2 detectors shall provide a means to measure scattered electrons at small angles in the backward direction.
- F-DET-ANC.2The B0 system shall provide a means to measure charged particles in the forward direction and to tag neutral particles in the forward direction.
- F-DET-ANC.3The off-momentum detectors shall provide a means to measure charged particles (e.g. primarily protons and/or other decay particles), where this particles have a different magnetic rigidity than the beam being used.
- F-DET-ANC.4The roman pot detectors shall provide a means to measure charged particles close to the beam core.
- F-DET-ANC.5The zero-degree calorimeter shall provide a means to measure neutral particles at small angles.
B0 System
- F-DET-ANC-B0.1Silicon detector with sufficient timing and spatial resolution will provide tracking measurements of the charged particles in the hadron-outgoing direction.
- F-DET-ANC-B0.2B0-system will provide theta coverage in the range 5.5 < ?? < 20.0 mrad (4.6 < ?? < 5.9).
- F-DET-ANC-B0.3B0-system will be integrated into the warm area of the B0-dipole.
- F-DET-ANC-B0.4B0-system will have a pre-shower to tag low energy photons (to be verified).
Low-Q2 System
- F-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.1The acceptance for the low- Q2 tagger should complement the central detector to reach the coverage close to the limit given by the divergence of the beam.
- F-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.2The Low- Q2 calorimeter will be used to measure the energy of the scattered electrons.
- F-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.3The tracking system will be used to determinate a position and angle of the scattered electron.
- F-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.4Low- Q2 tagger will be located along the outgoing electron beam, after the B2eR dipole ( 20 -40 m away from the IP).
- F-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.5Low- Q2 tagger will have at least two stations positioned next to the beam-pipe.
Off Momentum Detectors
- F-DET-ANC-OFFMO.1OFF-Momentum detectors will be placed as close as possible to the beam pipe (outside or inside) (to be verified).
Roman Pots
- F-DET-ANC-ROMAN.1The Roman-Pots will provide coverage in the range 0.0* < ?? < 5.0 mrad (?? > 6)
(*depends on beam optics, ca 10 sigma) - F-DET-ANC-ROMAN.2RPOT will be integrated into the accelerator vacuum system.
Zero Degree Calorimeter
- F-DET-ANC-ZDC.1ZDC will provide theta coverage in the range 0 < ?? < 4.5 mrad.
Polarimetry and Luminosity Systems
- F-DET-POL.1The polarimeters must measure the beam polarizations at all flattop energies.
- F-DET-POL.2The beam polarimetry shall happen concurrent to the physics measurement and be non-invasive.
Electron Polarimeter
- F-DET-POL-EPOL.1Laser shall provide a "photon target" for Compton reaction.
- F-DET-POL-EPOL.2An optical system will be used to determine laser polarization at interaction point.
- F-DET-POL-EPOL.3Windows are required to allow laser to enter and exit beamline vacuum.
ESR Compton Polarimeter
- F-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.1A strip detector will be used to detect scattered electrons from (at least) asymmetry zero crossing to kinematic endpoint.
- F-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.2A Roman pot will be required to protect electron detector from beam Wakefield.
- F-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.3The strip detector shall be used to detect back-scattered photons with sufficient resolution measure the spatial asymmetry.
- F-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.4A calorimeter will be used to measure backscattered photon energy.
- F-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.5The photon detector system will be at least 20 to 25 meters from the Compton IP (to be verified).
RCS Compton Polarimeter
- F-DET-POL-EPOL-RCS.1The photon detector will measure the spatial asymmetry of backscattered photons in multi-photon (integrating) mode.
- F-DET-POL-EPOL-RCS.2The photon detector system will be at least 20 to 25 meters from the Compton IP (to be verified).
Hadron Polarimeter
- F-DET-POL-HPOL.1Silicon detectors shall measure elastic reoil particles from the polarimeter target.
- F-DET-POL-HPOL.2The Si detector energy response shall be calibrated with two alpha sources (Am & Gd).
- F-DET-POL-HPOL.3Particle identification shall be based on time of flight and energy measurements of hits in the Si strips.
- F-DET-POL-HPOL.4A second layer of Si shall be used to reject background from punch-through particles.
HJET Polarimeter
- F-DET-POL-HPOL-HJET.1The HJET polarimeter shall measure the polarization throughout a whole hadron store (about 8 hours).
- F-DET-POL-HPOL-HJET.2Silicon detectors must be located to the left and right of the beam direction (in the accelerator plane).
- F-DET-POL-HPOL-HJET.3The atomic target shall be polarized through a set of hyperfine transitions and the target polarization shall be monitored in a Breit-Rabi unit.
- F-DET-POL-HPOL-HJET.4The unpolarized molecular fraction of the target shall be continuously monitored with a beam gas analyzer.
- F-DET-POL-HPOL-HJET.5A Zero Degree Calorimeter shall be located downstream of the HJET (separated by a 10-12 Tm dipole magnet).
Proton Carbon Polarimeter
- F-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.1Six silicon detectors must be located to the left and right of the beam and under 45 degrees with respect to the accelerator plane.
- F-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.2The pC polarimeters shall be equipped with ultra-thin fiber targets which scan the beam profile horizontally and vertically.
- F-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.3The pC polarimeter target stations shall carry enough fiber targets to last throughout a year of EIC operations.
- F-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.4The bias current of the detectors shall be constantly monitored.
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
These requirements quantify the performance levels that must be met by the sub-system during operation. These requirements provide the minimal critical specification1 that the engineering staff will use to design the system; i.e, "How well it does it."Detector Systems
- P-DET.1The EIC central detector shall require a region free of interaction region magnets and other large collider equipment of at least 4.5 m in the backward and 5m in the forward direction around the interaction point.
- P-DET.2The EIC central solenoid magnet combined with tracking detectors shall be capable of providing momentum resolution to a level of spT/pT (%) = 0.05pT + 0.5 in the barrel region and to 0.1pT + 1 in the forward and backward region.
- P-DET.3The electromagnetic calorimeter in the central detector shall be capable of providing a resolution of s(E)/E ~ 10%/sqrt(E) + (1-3)% in the barrel and forward region and s(E)/E ~ 2%/sqrt(E) + (1-3)% in the backward region.
- P-DET.4The impact parameter resolution for heavy flavor measurements enabled by the vertex tracker shall be capable of providing a vertex resolution sxy of level 10/pT x 5 mm.
- P-DET.5The hadronic calorimeter in the central detector shall be capable of providing a resolution of s(E)/E ~ 50%/sqrt(E) + 10% in the forward region.
- P-DET.6The angular acceptance of the far-forward detection shall be capable of providing up to 20 mrad for charged particles and 4.5 mrad for neutrons.
- P-DET.7The acceptance of the far-backward electron detection shall be able to reach 0.0001 GeV < Q2 < 0.1 GeV2.
- P-DET.8The EIC central detector shall allow for separation of single-photons from neutral-pion decay into two photons, for momenta up to 10 GeV and to a level of TBD.
- P-DET.9The EIC central detector shall allow an electron-hadron separation with efficiency > 90% and a purity > 80%.
- P-DET.10The EIC central detector system shall have the resolution of 3s separation for particle identification of pions, kaons and protons with momenta up to 10 GeV/c in the barrel region, up to 50 GeV/c in the forward endcap region, and up to 7 GeV/c in the backward endcap region.
Tracking Systems
- P-DET-TRAK.1The tracking system must provide a minimum pT of 100 MeV π, 130 MeV K.
- P-DET-TRAK.2The tracking system shall provide cooling (air/liquid) for silicon sensors.
- P-DET-TRAK.3The tracking system shall provide power supplies for bias and low voltages.
- P-DET-TRAK.4The tracking system shall provide a gas mixing system for gaseous detectors.
Barrel Tracking Systems
- P-DET-TRAK-BAR.1The barrel tracking system shall provide a momentum resolution < 5%.
- P-DET-TRAK-BAR.1The barrel tracking system shall provide a low material budget: < 5% X0.
- P-DET-TRAK-BAR.1The barrel tracking system shall provide a momentum resolution of σp/p ~ 0.05%?p+0.5% in the rapidity region between -1 to 1.
- P-DET-TRAK-BAR.3The barrel tracking system shall provide a spatial resolution of σxy ∼ 20/pT ⊕ 5 μm in the rapidity region between -1 to 1.
Backward Tracking Systems
- P-DET-TRAK-BCK.1The backward tracking system shall provide coverage in rapidity region between -3.5 to -1.0.
- P-DET-TRAK-BCK.2The backward tracking system shall provide a momentum resolution of σp/p ~ 0.05%?p+1.0% in the rapidity region between -2.5 to -1.0.
- P-DET-TRAK-BCK.3The backward tracking system shall provide a momentum resolution of σp/p ~ 0.10%?p+2.0% in the rapidity region between -3.5 to -2.5.
- P-DET-TRAK-BCK.4The backward tracking system shall provide a spatial resolution of σxy ∼ 30/pT ⊕ 20 μm in the rapidity region between -2.5 to -1.0.
- P-DET-TRAK-BCK.5The backward tracking system shall provide a spatial resolution of σxy ∼ 30/pT ⊕ 40 μm in the rapidity region between -3.5 to -2.5.
- P-DET-TRAK-FWD.1The forward tracking system shall provide coverage in rapidity region between -1.0 to 3.5.
Forward Tracking Systems
- P-DET-TRAK-FWD.2The forward tracking system shall provide a momentum resolution of σp/p ~ 0.05%?p+1.0% in the rapidity region between 1.0 to 2.5.
- P-DET-TRAK-FWD.3The forward tracking system shall provide a momentum resolution of σp/p ~ 0.10%?p+2.0% in the rapidity region between 2.5 to 3.5.
- P-DET-TRAK-FWD.4The forward tracking system shall provide a spatial resolution of σxy ∼ 30/pT ⊕ 20 μm in the rapidity region between 1.0 to 2.5.
- P-DET-TRAK-FWD.5The forward tracking system shall provide a spatial resolution of σxy ∼ 30/pT ⊕ 40 μm in the rapidity region between 2.5 to 3.5.
Particle Identification Systems
Barrel PID Detectors
- P-DET-PID-BAR.1The PID detector in the barrel region shall differentiate between pions, kaons and protons at the level of 3 sigmas in the measured quantity up to particle momenta defined by the selected proposal.
Forward PID Detectors
- P-DET-PID-FWD.1The PID detector in the forward region shall differentiate between pions, kaons and protons at the level of 3 sigmas in the measured quantity up to particle momenta defined by the selected proposal.
Backward PID Detectors
- P-DET-PID-BCK.1The PID detector in the backward region shall differentiate between pions, kaons and protons at the level of 3 sigmas in the measured quantity up to particle momenta defined by the selected proposal.
Electromagnetic Calorimetry Systems
- P-DET-ECAL.1The noise level per channel shall be <2% of minimal photon energy.
- P-DET-ECAL.2A cooling system shall be provided for the SiPM sensors, with precise temperature control and gain correction for temperature drift.
- P-DET-ECAL.3The monitoring system shall contain: Light system (LED or laser), test pulse (for electronics), dark current (for SiPM).
Barrel EMCAL
- P-DET-ECAL-BAR.1Energy resolution shall be s(E)/E < 10%/sqrt(E) + (1-3)%.
- P-DET-ECAL-BAR.2System shall provide high power for e/pi separation down to 1 GeV/c.
- P-DET-ECAL-BAR.3System shall provide high granularity which is capable of distinguishing two showers with opening angle down to 0.02 (=> tower size).
Backward EMCAL
- P-DET-ECAL-BCK.1System shall cover pseudo rapidity down to -3.5.
- P-DET-ECAL-BCK.2Energy resolution in the most backward region shall be s(E)/E ~ (2-3)%/sqrt(E) + (1-2)%; in less backward region shall be <7%/sqrt(E) + (1-2)%.
- P-DET-ECAL-BCK.3System shall have high power for e/pi separation down to 1 GeV/c.
- P-DET-ECAL-BCK.4System shall have high granularity and be capable of distinguishing two showers with opening angle down to 0.015 (=>tower size).
- P-DET-ECAL-BCK.6System shall have low material budget on the way from the vertex: <5%X0 in the 1st half a way, or <10%X0 on the second half a way, or <30%X0 just in front of EMCal (within 10cm).
- P-DET-ECAL-BCK.7A cooling system shall be provided if PWO crystals are used.
Forward EMCAL
- P-DET-ECAL-FWD.1System shall have energy resolution s(E)/E < (10-12)%/sqrt(E) + (1-3)%.
- P-DET-ECAL-FWD.2System shall have sufficient granularity to be capable of distinguishing two showers with opening angle down to 0.005 (=>tower size).
Hadronic Calorimetry Systems
- P-DET-HCAL.1HCal layout shall minimize the gaps in coverage between barrel and endcaps.
- P-DET-HCAL.2Shall provide practical detection threshold ~500 MeV as defined in the EIC Yellow Report.
Barrel HCAL
- P-DET-HCAL-BAR.1Should have a moderate energy resolution s(E)/E ~ 100%/sqrt(E) + 10% constant term.
- P-DET-HCAL-BAR.2Must have sufficient granularity in azimuthal and polar angle to resolve neutral clusters.
- P-DET-HCAL-BAR.3Shall have sufficient radial depth to contain medium energy hadronic showers past 2-3 interaction length material of the e/m calorimeter and the solenoid.
Backward HCAL
- P-DET-HCAL-BCK.1Must provide capability to cover pseudo rapidity range down to at least -3.5.
- P-DET-HCAL-BCK.2Shall provide capability to have energy resolution s(E)/E ~ 50%/sqrt(E) + a 10% constant term.
- P-DET-HCAL-BCK.3Must provide space to have tower depth of 5-6 interaction lengths (together with the e/m section) in order to avoid longitudinal leakage for relatively small hadron energies in the e-endcap.
Forward HCAL
- P-DET-HCAL-FWD.1Must cover pseudo rapidity range up to at least 3.5.
- P-DET-HCAL-FWD.2Shall have energy resolution s(E)/E ~ 50%/sqrt(E) + a 10 % constant term.
- P-DET-HCAL-FWD.3Granularity (transverse tower size) should be ~10x10 cm^2 in order to be capable to efficiently disentangle energy deposits by different charged and neutral hadrons.
- P-DET-HCAL-FWD.4Must have tower depth of 6-7 interaction lengths (together with the e/m section) in order to avoid longitudinal leakage for highest energy hadrons at the EIC.
Solenoid Magnet
- P-DET-MAG.1The EIC detector magnet shall be able to operate at 4.5K (liquid Helium).
- P-DET-MAG.2The detector solenoid shall be able to operate at a lower field (0.5 T), without sacrificing the field quality.
- P-DET-MAG.3The detector solenoid shall be aligned along the electron axis.
- P-DET-MAG.4The detector solenoid cryostat should be able to fit well within the Barrel HCal (radially) and fit within the given space in the axial direction.
- P-DET-MAG.5The magnet shall provide a minimum 2.8 meter bore diameter to support insertion of the detector elements.
Magnet Instrumentation & Control
- P-DET-MAG-I&C.1The magnet I&C should be able diagnose a quench and initiate the energy dumping procedure.
- P-DET-MAG-I&C.2The magnet I&C should be able to provide all the interlocks required for the magnet safe operation.
Magnet Cryogenics
- P-DET-MAG-CCR.1The cryo-flex line should be long enough so that the magnet can be rolled out of Hall without disconnecting the cryo connection.
Magnet Power Supply
- P-DET-MAG-PSU.1Magnet power supply shall have a quench detection system.
- P-DET-MAG-PSU.2Magnet power supply shall be able to dump the magnet stored energy in a dump resistor.
Electronics Systems
- P-DET-ELEC.1In the current conceptual design, two ASICs shall be used for the readout of MPGD and photonic sensors. These will be 64-channel, 1 W nominal power consumption. MPGDs: amplification (1 to 10), shaping (40 to 250 ns), digitization (12-bit precision), better than 20 ns timing resolution. Photonic sensors: amplification (2 to 30 mV/fC), shaping (1 to 40 ns), digitization (10 to 14-bit precision), timing resolution (100 ps to <1 ns).
- P-DET-ELEC.2FEB shall include ASICs, support components and optical fiber interfaces, where applicable. FEBs may implement data reduction techniques, such as zero suppression, to reduce data volume.
- P-DET-ELEC.3FEP shall include FPGAs and interface via optical fibers to the FEPs and DAQ. Data aggregation (10:1), reduction techniques and processing via ML/AI algorithms shall reduce data volume by a factor of 10 or more during normal operation.
- P-DET-ELEC.4Electronics and electronic components shall meet commercial operating environment specifications; critical systems shall consider conformance to industrial specifications, and use industrial/automotive grade components when available and economically feasible.
- P-DET-ELEC.5The detector ground (i.e., Clean Ground) shall be segregated from other equipment grounding. The grounding around the solenoid and the south platform from the detector ground reference, which shall be isolated from other systems and structures and connected to the experimental area ground via six (6) low impedance, insulated 4/0 wires. Other equipment, such as the solenoid power supplies and control systems, shall connect to the experimental area grounding connection separately from the clean ground. All connections shall be effected via low impedance insulated wires (e.g., 4/0). These wires shall have differently colored insulation for easy identification of segregated grounds.
- P-DET-ELEC.6Power supplies (HV, LV, Bias) shall be of the floating type and referenced to the detector clean ground.
- P-DET-ELEC.7Cabling shall be rated to National Electrical Code (NEC) 2020, NFPA 70, UL CL2 or better. Cable jackets shall be marked to UL standards by the manufacturer. Cables rated with the X suffix (Dwellings) (e.g., CL2X, CMX) are not permitted.
- P-DET-ELEC.8Cable routing shall conform to NECA/NEMA 105/2007 for open cable tray systems.
- P-DET-ELEC.9All electrical equipment in the experimental area shall conform to EMI/RFI standards FCC Class B, CISPR11/EN 55011 Class B, CISPR22/EN 55022 Class B, EN 61000-6-3 or equivalent. Exceptions shall be evaluated via EMI/RFI measurement surveys.
- P-DET-ELEC.10Cabinet racks (19 inch type), open or closed frame types (e.g., Hammond C4F247736), shall be COTS and equipped with horizontal and vertical cable managers. These shall accommodate a minimum of three equipment crates or chassis.
- P-DET-ELEC.11Equipment crates or chassis for HV, LV and Bias supplies and for data acquisition shall be rated for a maximum of 2.5 kW each and powered from 120 VAC or 208 VAC 3-phase, preferably.
- P-DET-ELEC.12Any equipment that is powered by a plug and cord shall be either listed by a Nationally Recognized Testing Lab (NRTL) such as UL or have been approved by the Laboratory EEI (Electrical Equipment Inspection) program.
- P-DET-ELEC.13Cables shall have sufficient excess length (slack or service loop) to allow connection without strain. Cables outside of the enclosure shall be dressed in a way that allows removal of any module without obstruction, those inside the enclosure shall have sufficient slack to allow visual inspection, connection, and disconnection with all other modules installed.
- P-DET-ELEC.14Electrical components shall be derated to 80%, if the manufacturer has not already done so, and if such derating is economically feasible.
- P-DET-ELEC.15Enclosures and removable modules should use captive hardware when possible.
Data Acquisition and Computing Systems
- P-DET-COMP.1All computing resources in the experimental hall and counting house must have access to both 120V AC and 208V AC 3 phase power.
- P-DET-COMP.2Online and Slow control services in the DAQ bunker areas in the experimental hall must have access to a "clean" ground to maintain good signal quality.
- P-DET-COMP.3Online and Slow control services in the DAQ bunker areas must be shielded from prompt radiation from the beam crossing region of the EIC detector to minimize electronics failures.
- P-DET-COMP.4User management of required cabling shall be facilitated via a combination of cable trays and/or conduit between the experimental hall fiber patch panels and each DAQ bunker.
Online Computing Systems
- P-DET-COMP-ONLINE.1Rack Room Online computing shall sit on a raised floor to allow for forced air, power and signal cabling to be routed to all racks.
- P-DET-COMP-ONLINE.2Rack Room Online computing shall require electrical power via raised floor distribution sufficient to support XX kW total power usage levels.
- P-DET-COMP-ONLINE.3Rack Room Online computing shall require HVAC cooling via raised floor distribution sufficient to support a XX kW power outlay at temps at or below 76 degrees Fahrenheit.
- P-DET-COMP-ONLINE.4Fiber connected to patch panels from the Rack Room to the external Data Center shall at a minimum be implemented with enough single mode fiber capable of supporting redundant 100Gb and 400Gb bidirectional network links.
- P-DET-COMP-ONLINE.5Fiber connected to patch panels from the Rack Room to Experimental Hall Patch panel shall be implemented with enough single and/or multi-mode fiber capable of supporting both commercial and proprietary bidirectional serial links for all detector system requirements. Minimum aggregate bandwidth capabilities shall not be less than 10Tb/s.
- P-DET-COMP-ONLINE.6Online data processing capabilities within the experimental hall and counting house shall be sufficient to support event identification, background & noise suppression and data quality monitoring necessary to be able to keep up with front-end data rates and temporarily store filtered data - ready for further offline processing.
- P-DET-COMP-ONLINE.7Online data storage capabilities within the counting house COMP resources shall be fast enough to keep up with processed data rates and large enough to hold all acquired data locally for up to 48 hours.
Offline Computing Systems
- P-DET-COMP-OFFLINE.1External data center resources shall be able to accept data transfers from the Counting House online systems at 1 Tb/s aggregate throughput or greater.
Detector Infrastructure
Cryogenic Systems
- P-DET-INF-CRYO.1The cryogenic system shall provide a flow rate of XX g/s to the experimental solenoid.
Mechanical/Structural Systems
- P-DET-INF-MECH.1The floor, rails and cradle shall be capable of supporting a static or moving load of XX kg (central detector).
- P-DET-INF-MECH.2A rail system for the end cap calorimeters shall be installed that is sufficient to carry XX kg and create a free center gap of XX centimeters.
Electrical Systems
- P-DET-INF-ELEC.160 Amp 4 wire power (120/ 208V AC) shall be fed to each 19-inch equipment rack from a circuit breaker on the detector platform.
- P-DET-INF-ELEC.2Cabinets are bonded/ grounded to the appropriate clean ground.
Cooling Systems
- P-DET-INF-COOL.1The temperature in the WAH should be maintained between 20°C to 25°C
- P-DET-INF-COOL.2Relative Humidity between 30% to 50% to prevent condensation.
- P-DET-INF-COOL.3Where fan/ blower cooling is inadequate, water-cooled heat exchangers are required to maintain the ambient environment of enclosed electronic assemblies and equipment to a temperature of under 40°C.
Gas Systems
- P-DET-INF-GAS.1Gas based detectors shall be provided with the appropriate gas handling systems.
IR Integration and Ancillary Detector Systems
B0 System
- P-DET-ANC-B0.1B0 tracker will have granularity XX (to be determined)
- P-DET-ANC-B0.2B0- tracker will have XX layers (to be determined)
- P-DET-ANC-B0.3B0 pre-shower thickness will be XX [ X/X0] (to be determined)
- P-DET-ANC-B0.4B0 system dimensions will be XX [cm] in X and XX [cm] in Y (to be determined)
Low-Q2 System
- P-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.1Low- Q2 tracker will have granularity XX (to be determined)
- P-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.2Low- Q2 calorimeter will have Z-segmentation XX (to be determined)
- P-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.3Low- Q2 calorimeter will have granularity ( cell size) XX (to be determined)
- P-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.4Low- Q2 will have dimensions XX in X and XX in Y (to be determined)
Off Momentum Detectors
- P-DET-ANC-OFFMO.1OFFM tracker will have granularity XX (to be determined)
- P-DET-ANC-OFFMO.2OFFM tracker will have XX layers (to be determined)
- P-DET-ANC-OFFMO.3OFFM will have XX number of stations (to be determined)
- P-DET-ANC-OFFMO.4OFFM system dimensions will be XX [cm] in X and XX [cm] in Y (to be determined)
Roman Pots
- P-DET-ANC-ROMAN.1RPOT tracker will have granularity XX (to be determined)
- P-DET-ANC-ROMAN.2RPOT will have XX number of layers (to be determined)
- P-DET-ANC-ROMAN.3RPOT will have number of stations (to be determined)
- P-DET-ANC-ROMAN.4RPOT system dimensions will have XX [cm] in X and XX [cm] in Y (to be determined)
Zero Degree Calorimeter
- P-DET-ANC-ZDC.1ZDC granularity will be XX (to be determined)
- P-DET-ANC-ZDC.2ZDC will have XX number of layers (to be determined)
- P-DET-ANC-ZDC.3ZDC will have XX stations (to be determined)
- P-DET-ANC-ZDC.4ZDC system will have dimensions 60 [cm] in X and 60 [cm] in Y (to be determined)
Polarimetry and Luminosity Systems
- P-DET-POL.1The beam polarizations shall be measured to within 1% or less (relative).
- P-DET-POL.2The polarimeters must be able to determine the polarization vector.
Electron Polarimeter
- P-DET-POL-EPOL.1The laser average power shall be 5-10 W, with a wavelength = 532 nm.
- P-DET-POL-EPOL.2The laser beam M2 will be approximately 1 (diffraction limited).
ESR Compton Polarimeter
- P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.1The systematic and statistical uncertainty will be 1% or better.
- P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.2The measurement time shall be less than the bunch lifetime in the ring (~2 minutes).
- P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.4The laser repetition rate shall match the beam frequency (25-100 MHz) and will have the capability of achieving a ~75 kHz pulse rate.
- P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.6The time response of all detectors (electron and photon) will be sufficient to resolve beam bunch (<10 ns).
- P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.7The electron detector shall cover at least 6 cm (horizontal) (to be verified).
- P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.8The electron strip detector pitch shall be 400 um or smaller (to be verified).
- P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.9The photon calorimeter and strip detector will cover at least 4 x 4 cm2 (to be verified).
- P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.10The photon detector strip detector pitch shall be ~100 um (to be verified).
ESR Compton Polarimeter
- P-DET-POL-EPOL-RCS.1The systematic and statistical uncertainty will be better than 5% (to be verified).
- P-DET-POL-EPOL-RCS.2The measurement time will be less than 10-20 minutes.
- P-DET-POL-EPOL-RCS.4The laser repetition rate shall be 2-100, Hz, with a 3-10 ns pulse-width.
- P-DET-POL-EPOL-RCS.6The photon detector segmentation will be XX (to be determined).
Hadron Polarimeter
- P-DET-POL-HPOL.1Each detector shall consists of 12 vertical Si strips (1.375 mm pitch).
- P-DET-POL-HPOL.2The energy resolution shall be 25 keV or better.
- P-DET-POL-HPOL.3The time resolution of the waveform digitizers shall be 0.5 ns or better.
HJET Polarimeter
- P-DET-POL-HPOL-HJET.1The relative uncertainty of the beam polarization measurement must be 1% or less.
Proton Carbon Polarimeter
- P-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.1The pC devices shall measure the relative beam polarization within 30 seconds with an uncertainty of 2% or less.
- P-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.2The target fibers shall be thin enough to provide a measurement of the transverse polarization profile of the beam bunches.
- P-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.3The pC polarimeter shall be able to measure the bunch-by-bunch polarization for each hadron beam fill.