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Detector Requirements

General, functional and performance requirements for the EIC Detector Systems as published on October 24th, 2022.

Name
Description
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

These are the highest level requirements that define the function or purpose of the sub-system with respect to the overall system; i.e., "What it is."

Detector Systems

G-DET.1
The EIC detector system shall be capable to detect all reaction products, related to the scattered electron, the scattered parton, and the remnant proton/ion, such that the impact of incomplete kinematic coverage on the respective science is minimized.
G-DET.2
The interaction region and detector system shall allow electron-ion collisions over the full energy range (√s = 29 GeV to 141 GeV), polarized beams, and a range of ion beams (√s = 29 GeV to 89 GeV), and allow measurements of luminosity and polarizations. The hadron polarimeters can be located at a different ring location.
G-DET.3
The EIC shall be upgradable with a second interaction region and detector system.
G-DET.4
The detector shall be installed in one of two available interaction points for the EIC, currently selected as IP-6.
G-DET.5
The central detector shall consist of a barrel augmented by a forward endcap and a backward endcap region forming the central detector to cover the rapidity range h between -4 and 4 for the measurements of electrons, photons, hadrons and jets.
G-DET.6
The central detector shall be augmented with detectors in the far backward region to measure scattered electrons at small scattering angles.
G-DET.7
The central detector shall be augmented with detectors in the far forward region to measure proton and ion remnants at small scattering angles.
G-DET.8
The polarimetry and luminosity detectors shall measure the electron and proton beam polarization and monitor the instantaneous collision luminosities.
Tracking Systems

G-DET-TRAK.1
The tracking systems shall provide coordinate measurements of charged particles traversing a magnetic field, and provide a sufficient lever arm to provide measurements of the momenta and angles of the particles.
G-DET-TRAK.2
Tracking functionality shall cover the backward, the barrel and the forward region.
G-DET-TRAK.3
The tracking system shall provide a measurement of the vertex coordinates in the barrel region.

Particle Identification Systems

G-DET-PID.1
The PID detector systems shall provide a means to separately identify pions, kaons and protons following the electron-ion collision.
G-DET-PID.2
The particle identification systems shall consist of backward, barrel, and forward sub-systems.
Barrel PID Systems

G-DET-PID-BAR.1
The PID detector in the barrel region shall provide identification of charged hadronic tracks by species of pions, kaons and protons

Forward PID Systems

G-DET-PID-FWD.1
The PID detector in the forward region shall provide identification of charged hadronic tracks by species of pions, kaons and protons

Backward PID Systems

G-DET-PID-BCK.1
The PID detector in the backward region shall provide identification of charged hadronic tracks by species of pions, kaons and protons

Electromagnetic Calorimetry Systems

G-DET-ECAL.1
EMCal shall provide measurements of photons, including ones from pi0, eta and other decays; and shall play a key role to identify scattered and decay electrons and measure their kinematic parameters
G-DET-ECAL.2
EMCal subsystem(s) shall cover the backward, the barrel and the forward region.
Barrel EMCAL

G-DET-ECAL-BAR.1
Barrel EMCal shall identify scattered electrons and measure their energy, in high Q² events; it also serves to identify decay electrons, e.g. from vector or heavy flavor meson decays, and to measure DVCS photons and decay photons

Backward EMCAL

G-DET-ECAL-BCK.1
Backward EMCal shall identify scattered electrons and measure their energy, in low and medium Q² events; it also serves to identify decay electrons, e.g. from vector or heavy flavor meson decays, and measure DVCS photons and decay photons

Forward EMCAL

G-DET-ECAL-FWD.1
Forward EMCal shall identify decay electrons, e.g. from vector or heavy flavor meson decays, and to measure DVCS photons and decay photons, e.g. from pi0 decays

Hadronic Calorimetry Systems

G-DET-HCAL.1
Hadronic calorimeter (HCal) subsystem must provide hadron energy measurement, in particular for the jet neutral component identification (neutrons and K-long's), as well as to serve as a tail catcher for the e/m calorimeters
G-DET-HCAL.2
Functionality shall cover the barrel and the forward region, and should cover the backward region.
Barrel HCAL

G-DET-HCAL-BAR.1
Barrel HCal shall provide adequate functionality for hadronic jet neutral component reconstruction at central rapidities

Backward HCAL

G-DET-HCAL-BCK.1
A future backward HCal shall provide functionality of a tail catcher for the high resolution e/m calorimeter in electron identification, as well as for jet kinematics measurement at small Bjorken x

Forward HCAL

G-DET-HCAL-FWD.1
Forward HCal shall play a crucial role in jet energy and kinematics reconstruction in the hadron endcap, complementing tracking and e/m calorimetry in the particle flow algorithms

Solenoid Magnet

G-DET-MAG.1
The EIC detector magnet shall provide a central field, a sufficiently large room temperature bore, and a magnet length consistent with the detector need to fulfill EIC science requirements

Electronics Systems

G-DET-ELEC.1
The EIC detector readout electronics shall provide the means to acquire, process and deliver detector signals to the DAQ system. Streaming readout shall be the default or nominal operation mode; to facilitate calibration and testing or debugging, a triggered operation mode shall be implemented at every level.

Data Acquisition and Computing Systems

G-DET-COMP.1
The COMP subsystem shall consist of all resources necessary to communicate with all DET subsystems in order to configure, control and monitor these systems as well as read, process and store data they generate.
G-DET-COMP.2
The COMP subsystem shall consist of COTS hardware where possible, and custom electronics as needed.
G-DET-COMP.3
The COMP subsystem shall use COTS and Open Source software where possible, and collaboration developed software, firmware libraries and applications as needed.
Offline Computing Systems

G-DET-COMP-OFFLINE.1
Offline computing resources shall be available via an external data center for optional experimental data processing and archival storage.

Detector Infrastructure

G-DET-INF.1
There will be distinct infrastructure requirements for the assembly hall, the collider hall, and the interaction region.
G-DET-INF.2
Infrastructure systems for the assembly hall shall include all power, water, environmental cooling, cryogenics, gas handling, space, material handling and support systems required to assemble and maintain the central detector systems.
G-DET-INF.3
Infrastructure systems for the collider hall shall include all power, water, environmental cooling, cryogenics, gas handling, space, material handling and support systems required to operate the entire detector systems.
G-DET-INF.4
Infrastructure systems for the interaction region shall include all power, water, environmental cooling, cryogenics, gas handling, space, material handling and support systems required to assemble, operate and maintain the far forward and far backward detector systems.
G-DET-INF.5
Infrastructure systems shall provide adequate space, environmental cooling, and distribution for DAQ and local computing.
G-DET-INF.6
Space and facilities for the experimental control room and operations shall be preserved.

IR Integration & Ancillary Detectors

G-DET-ANC.1
The EIC ancillary detectors should provide a measurement of particle scattering at small angles.
G-DET-ANC.2
The forward ancillary detectors shall provide a means to measure forward going charged particles (including those close to the beam core), forward going neutral particles, and to tag charged and neutral particles following decay.
G-DET-ANC.3
The backward ancillary detectors shall provide a means to measure scattered electrons.
B0 System

G-DET-ANC-B0.1
The B0 system will provide measurements of charged particles in the forward directions, it might include also tagging of neutral particles.
G-DET-ANC-B0.2
The B0-system will tag protons at higher angles (especially important for lower beam energies).

Low-Q2 System

G-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.1
The Low- Q² detectors will measure the energy and position of the scattering electrons with Q² below 1 GeV² in the far-backward directions.

Roman Pots

G-DET-ANC-ROMAN.1
The Roman-Pots should provide measurements of charged particles close to the beam core.

Zero Degree Calorimeter

G-DET-ANC-ZDC.3
The Zero Degree Calorimeter should provide measurements of neutral particles (neutrons and photons).

Polarimetry and Luminosity Systems

G-DET-POL.1
The polarimeters at EIC shall measure the spin polarizations of the colliding beams.
G-DET-POL.2
The polarization lifetime must be measured for each fill of beams or bunches.
G-DET-POL.3
The polarization must be measured for each bunch of the beams.
Electron Polarimeter

G-DET-POL-EPOL.1
The EIC electron polarimeter system shall provide a measurement of the absolute beam polarization in the ESR and RCS. The ESR Compton must measure the polarization bunch-by-bunch and be sensitive to the beam transverse polarization profile.
ESR Compton Polarimeter

G-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.1
The ESR Compton shall measure the electron polarization in the electron storage ring.

RCS Compton Polarimeter

G-DET-POL-EPOL-RCS.1
The RCS Compton shall measure the electron polarization either in, or just after the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron.

Hadron Polarimeter

G-DET-POL-HPOL.1
The EIC hadron polarimeter system must provide a measurement of the absolute beam polarization in the HSR, the polarization lifetime and the transverse bunch polarization profile.
HJET Polarimeter

G-DET-POL-HPOL-HJET.1
The HJET polarimeter shall measure the absolute beam polarization for light hadron beams.

Proton Carbon Polarimeter

G-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.1
The pC polarimeter shall measure the relative polarization loss at flattop energy during a store and the transverse polarization profile of the hadron bunches.
G-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.2
The pC polarimeter near the experimental IR shall measure the orientation of the polarization vector (local polarimetry).

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

These requirements identify the features and capabilities that the sub-system must have in order to satisfy its general requirements; i.e., "What it does."

Detector Systems

F-DET.1
The EIC detector shall be capable to operate over the full range of Center-Of-Mass energy (√s = 29 GeV to 141 GeV), at full luminosity, and for all ion species.
F-DET.2
The EIC central detector shall cleanly identify the electron-quark and electron-gluon scattering process to high efficiency by a combination of tracking, particle identification detectors and calorimeters.
F-DET.3
The EIC central solenoid magnet shall provide the means to momentum-analyze the charged particles associated with the hadrons produced in electron-quark / electron-gluon scattering process.
F-DET.4
The EIC central detector system shall allow for particle identification of pions, kaons and protons over a wide range of momentum in the barrel, forward endcap and backward endcap regions.
F-DET.5
The EIC central detector shall allow for heavy flavor and other long-living particle measurements through a vertex resolution.
F-DET.6
The EIC central detector shall allow for separation of single-photons from neutral-pion decay into two photons over a wide region in momentum.
F-DET.7
The EIC far-backward detector shall complement the central detector in the low- Q² electron scattering region below 1 GeV².
F-DET.8
The EIC far-forward detector shall measure proton/ion remnants with momenta up to less than 1% different from the proton/ion beam momentum.
Tracking Systems

F-DET-TRAK.1
The tracking system must provide a low detection threshold for pions and kaons.
F-DET-TRAK.2
The tracking system must provide high hermicity in exclusive and diffractive channels.
F-DET-TRAK.3
The tracking system must provide good impact parameter resolution for heavy flavor measurements.

Particle Identification Systems

Barrel PID Detectors

F-DET-PID-BAR.1
The PID Detector in the barrel region will require appropriate support structure to hold the detector in place as well as all sub-detector systems that reside within its bore.
F-DET-PID-BAR.2
The PID Detector in the barrel region will require appropriate support DC voltage and power for operating detector sensors and associated electronics.
F-DET-PID-BAR.3
The PID Detector in the barrel region will require cooling and removal of heat generated by detector electronics and digitizers.
F-DET-PID-BAR.4
The PID Detector in the barrel region will require detector signal transmission electronics and lines defined by the DAQ system.
F-DET-PID-BAR.5
The PID Detector in the barrel region will require survey marks or hooks for survey tools to determine its physical location in the barrel as a howl and its sub-components.

Forward PID Detectors

F-DET-PID-FWD.1
The PID Detector in the forward region will require appropriate support structure to hold the detector in place.
F-DET-PID-FWD.2
The PID Detector in the forward region will require appropriate support DC voltage and power for operating detector sensors and associated electronics.
F-DET-PID-FWD.3
The PID Detector in the forward region will require cooling and removal of heat generated by detector electronics and digitizers.
F-DET-PID-FWD.4
The PID Detector in the forward region will require detector signal transmission electronics and lines defined by the DAQ system.
F-DET-PID-FWD.5
The PID Detector in the forward region will require survey marks or hooks for survey tools to determine its physical location in the barrel as a howl and its sub-components.

Backward PID Detectors

F-DET-PID-BCK.1
The PID Detector in the backward region will require appropriate support structure to hold the detector in place.
F-DET-PID-BCK.2
The PID Detector in the backward region will require appropriate support DC voltage and power for operating detector sensors and associated electronics.
F-DET-PID-BCK.3
The PID Detector in the backward region will require cooling and removal of heat generated by detector electronics and digitizers.
F-DET-PID-BCK.4
The PID Detector in the backward region will require detector signal transmission electronics and lines defined by the DAQ system.
F-DET-PID-BCK.5
The PID Detector in the backward region will require survey marks or hooks for survey tools to determine its physical location in the barrel as a howl and its sub-components.

Electromagnetic Calorimetry Systems

F-DET-ECAL.1
Must fit in the available space.
F-DET-ECAL.2
The EMCal systems shall require adequate support structures, and survey marks to determine their physical location.
F-DET-ECAL.3
The EMCal systems shall require appropriate power and cabling to support operation of the detector elements.
F-DET-ECAL.4
Design must minimize the loss of functionality in transition between barrel and endcap regions.
F-DET-ECAL.5
Photosensors and readout electronics must tolerate the magnetic field in the subsystem location.
F-DET-ECAL.6
Must operate at full luminosity and expected background conditions (rad. dose, neutron flux).
F-DET-ECAL.7
Must provide adequate energy and position resolution for photon and electron measurements, and eID through E/p cut.
F-DET-ECAL.8
Shall provide discrimination between single photon and merged photon from pi0 decay.
F-DET-ECAL.9
Shall provide photon measurements down to 100 MeV.
F-DET-ECAL.10
Must provide timing sufficient to discriminate between different bunch crossings.
Barrel EMCAL

F-DET-ECAL-BAR.1
Shall provide electron energy measurements up to 50 GeV.
F-DET-ECAL-BAR.2
Shall provide photon measurements up to 10 GeV.
F-DET-ECAL-BAR.3
Must provide discrimination between single photon and merged photon from pi0 decay up to 5 to 10 GeV.

Backward EMCAL

F-DET-ECAL-BCK.1
Shall provide high precision measurements for electrons up to 18 GeV.
F-DET-ECAL-BCK.2
Shall provide measurements of scattered electrons for the events down to Q²=1 GeV² (=> acceptance requirements).
F-DET-ECAL-BCK.3
Must provide strong eID capabilities down to 1 GeV/c.
F-DET-ECAL-BCK.4
Shall provide photon measurements up to 18 GeV.
F-DET-ECAL-BCK.5
Must provide discrimination between single photon and merged photon from pi0 decay up to 18 GeV.
F-DET-ECAL-BCK.6
Must provide photon measurements down to 50 MeV (to measure radiated photons).
F-DET-ECAL-BCK.7
A cooling system shall be provided for the lead-tungstate based detector.

Forward EMCAL

F-DET-ECAL-FWD.1
Shall provide electron and photon measurements up to 50 GeV.
F-DET-ECAL-FWD.2
Must provide discrimination between single photon and merged photon from pi0 decay up to 50 GeV.
F-DET-ECAL-FWD.3
Along with forward HCal, shall provide high precision jet measurements.

Hadronic Calorimetry Systems

F-DET-HCAL.1
The HCal systems shall require adequate support structures, and survey marks to determine their physical location.
F-DET-HCAL.2
The HCal systems shall require appropriate power and cabling to support operation of the detector elements.
F-DET-HCAL.3
Must operate reliably at a full projected EIC luminosity.
F-DET-HCAL.4
Must be resilient against harsh background conditions, high neutron flux in the IR area in particular, at the levels specified by the simulation studies.
F-DET-HCAL.5
Must provide a reasonable energy measurement for charged hadrons.
F-DET-HCAL.6
Must provide means for neutral hadron identification and energy measurement.
F-DET-HCAL.7
Must be compact enough to fit in the limited space allocated for the EIC detector, but at the same time have sufficient depth in order to efficiently contain the hadronic showers.
Barrel HCAL

F-DET-HCAL-BAR.1
Shall be optimized to provide hadron energy measurements at relatively small jet energies (up to few dozens of GeV).

Backward HCAL

F-DET-HCAL-BCK.1
Shall accommodate the future possibility of hadron measurements in the energy range up to few dozens of GeV.
F-DET-HCAL-BCK.2
Shall accommodate the future ability to complement e/m calorimeter by tail catching capability for electron ID purposes, especially below 3-4 GeV/c.

Forward HCAL

F-DET-HCAL-FWD.1
Must provide hadron energy measurements up to the highest hadron energies in a 250(p) x 18(e) GeV beam configuration.
F-DET-HCAL-FWD.2
The design must be coupled well with a compensated forward e/m calorimeter for high precision jet energy measurements.

Solenoid Magnet

F-DET-MAG.1
The EIC detector magnet must be consistent with the cryogenic capability of the supply.
F-DET-MAG.2
The EIC detector magnet shall fulfill the field specification (as specified in the magnetic field specification document), the main area for field specifications are (i) flat field area, (ii) RICH detector area, (iii) stray field at IR magnets, and (iv) stray field at the RCS location.
Magnet Instrumentation & Control

F-DET-MAG-I&C.1
The magnet control and instrumentation shall be able to read all the temperature and stress sensor in the magnet.

Magnet Cryogenics

F-DET-MAG-CCR.1
The cryocan should be able to hold the required volume of Liquid Helium and shall be protected for pressure overages.
F-DET-MAG-CCR.2
The cryo-flex line should have sufficiently low losses, so that the input temperature to the magnet can be maintained.

Magnet Power Supply

F-DET-MAG-PSU.1
Magnet power shall be able to supply required current to the magnet to produce a 1.7 T central field, with a stretch goal of 2 T.

Electronics Systems

F-DET-ELEC.1
The EIC detector readout electronics will provide signal conditioning to detector signals by the shaping constants, amplification, digitization and signal drive via discrete components and Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC).
F-DET-ELEC.2
The EIC detector readout electronics will process detector signals on the Front End Board (FEB). The FEB is typically characterized by the use of ASICs and customized for each type of sub-detector. Data transport off the FEB is made via optical fibers to FEPs or DAQ system.
F-DET-ELEC.3
The EIC detector readout electronics will process, collect and aggregate data within the Front End Processor (FEP). The FEP is typically characterized by the use of FPGAs. Data transport off the FEP is made via optical fibers to the DAQ, which may consist of FELIX-type cards, network servers or network switches.
F-DET-ELEC.4
The FEB and FEP boards will be remotely configured for proper operation of their programmable logic device, such as FPGAs. Processor boards or single board computers used with critical detector systems may require remote booting of OS.

Data Acquisition and Computing Systems

F-DET-COMP.1
COMP related resources shall require physical space in the experimental hall (aka DAQ Bunkers). In the experimental hall multiple designated locations must be available to provide necessary proximity to all instrumented DET systems.
F-DET-COMP.2
COMP related resources shall require physical space within the counting house. A single separated closed space for computing resources (Rack Room) shall be required in addition to a User occupied operations space (Control room).
F-DET-COMP.3
The COMP subsystem shall be designed to operate continuously, independent of the state of the other detector subsystems.
F-DET-COMP.4
Temperature and humidity levels in all spaces where COMP hardware exists must be maintained within specifications defined by the manufacturer or by custom electronics operational requirements.
Online Computing Systems

F-DET-COMP-ONLINE.1
Rack Room Online computing shall require communications patch panels supporting fiber optic access to both the experimental hall and to a data center.
F-DET-COMP-ONLINE.2
Rack room Online computing shall have an alternate power source available that is battery or generator backed-up for a subset of core resources in case of power outages.

Offline Computing Systems

F-DET-COMP-OFFLINE.1
External data center computing resources shall include COTS CPUs as well as ancillary computing hardware (e.g. GPUs, FPGAs) supporting AI and machine learning processing. Resources for volatile and archival storage shall also be available.

Detector Infrastructure

Cryogenic Systems

F-DET-INF-CRYO.1
A cryogenic transfer system shall be provided within the collider hall to allow cryogenic distribution for the experimental solenoid.

Mechanical/Structural Systems

F-DET-INF-MECH.1
Floors in the assembly and collider hall must be adequate to support the static and moving load of the experimental detector systems.
F-DET-INF-MECH.2
The existing rail system used to move the detector from the assembly hall to the collider hall should be preserved.
F-DET-INF-MECH.3
Cradles, carriages, platforms and other support systems from the STAR experiment shall be preserved for reuse.
F-DET-INF-MECH.4
The existing crane systems in the assembly hall and collider hall shall be preserved.

Electrical Systems

F-DET-INF-ELEC
All detectors require isolated power and grounding from facilities power systems. This will be accomplished from existing and newly installed Delta/Wye transformers with a single point star grounding (AKA clean or magnet ground) scheme at the WAH.

Cooling Systems

F-DET-INF-COOL
The WAH requires cooling capacity adequate for the heat generated by the detector, detector sub systems, detector support electronics and facility systems in the WAH.

Gas Systems

F-DET-INF-GAS
Gas based detectors will require the appropriate gas handling systems.

IR Integration & Ancillary Detectors

F-DET-ANC.1
The Low Q² detectors shall provide a means to measure scattered electrons at small angles in the backward direction.
F-DET-ANC.2
The B0 system shall provide a means to measure charged particles in the forward direction and to tag neutral particles in the forward direction.
F-DET-ANC.3
The off-momentum detectors shall provide a means to measure charged particles (e.g. primarily protons and/or other decay particles), where this particles have a different magnetic rigidity than the beam being used.
F-DET-ANC.4
The roman pot detectors shall provide a means to measure charged particles close to the beam core.
F-DET-ANC.5
The zero-degree calorimeter shall provide a means to measure neutral particles at small angles.
B0 System

F-DET-ANC-B0.1
Silicon detector with sufficient timing and spatial resolution will provide tracking measurements of the charged particles in the hadron-outgoing direction.
F-DET-ANC-B0.2
B0-system will provide theta coverage in the range 5.5 < ?? < 20.0 mrad (4.6 < ?? < 5.9).
F-DET-ANC-B0.3
B0-system will be integrated into the warm area of the B0-dipole.
F-DET-ANC-B0.4
B0-system will have a pre-shower to tag low energy photons (to be verified).

Low-Q2 System

F-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.1
The acceptance for the low- Q² tagger should complement the central detector to reach the coverage close to the limit given by the divergence of the beam.
F-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.2
The Low- Q² calorimeter will be used to measure the energy of the scattered electrons.
F-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.3
The tracking system will be used to determinate a position and angle of the scattered electron.
F-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.4
Low- Q² tagger will be located along the outgoing electron beam, after the B2eR dipole ( 20 -40 m away from the IP).
F-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.5
Low- Q² tagger will have at least two stations positioned next to the beam-pipe.

Off Momentum Detectors

F-DET-ANC-OFFMO.1
OFF-Momentum detectors will be placed as close as possible to the beam pipe (outside or inside) (to be verified).

Roman Pots

F-DET-ANC-ROMAN.1
The Roman-Pots will provide coverage in the range 0.0* < ?? < 5.0 mrad (?? > 6)
(*depends on beam optics, ca 10 sigma)
F-DET-ANC-ROMAN.2
RPOT will be integrated into the accelerator vacuum system.

Zero Degree Calorimeter

F-DET-ANC-ZDC.1
ZDC will provide theta coverage in the range 0 < ?? < 4.5 mrad.

Polarimetry and Luminosity Systems

F-DET-POL.1
The polarimeters must measure the beam polarizations at all flattop energies.
F-DET-POL.2
The beam polarimetry shall happen concurrent to the physics measurement and be non-invasive.
Electron Polarimeter

F-DET-POL-EPOL.1
Laser shall provide a "photon target" for Compton reaction.
F-DET-POL-EPOL.2
An optical system will be used to determine laser polarization at interaction point.
F-DET-POL-EPOL.3
Windows are required to allow laser to enter and exit beamline vacuum.
ESR Compton Polarimeter

F-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.1
A strip detector will be used to detect scattered electrons from (at least) asymmetry zero crossing to kinematic endpoint.
F-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.2
A Roman pot will be required to protect electron detector from beam Wakefield.
F-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.3
The strip detector shall be used to detect back-scattered photons with sufficient resolution measure the spatial asymmetry.
F-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.4
A calorimeter will be used to measure backscattered photon energy.
F-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.5
The photon detector system will be at least 20 to 25 meters from the Compton IP (to be verified).

RCS Compton Polarimeter

F-DET-POL-EPOL-RCS.1
The photon detector will measure the spatial asymmetry of backscattered photons in multi-photon (integrating) mode.
F-DET-POL-EPOL-RCS.2
The photon detector system will be at least 20 to 25 meters from the Compton IP (to be verified).

Hadron Polarimeter

F-DET-POL-HPOL.1
Silicon detectors shall measure elastic reoil particles from the polarimeter target.
F-DET-POL-HPOL.2
The Si detector energy response shall be calibrated with two alpha sources (Am & Gd).
F-DET-POL-HPOL.3
Particle identification shall be based on time of flight and energy measurements of hits in the Si strips.
F-DET-POL-HPOL.4
A second layer of Si shall be used to reject background from punch-through particles.
HJET Polarimeter

F-DET-POL-HPOL-HJET.1
The HJET polarimeter shall measure the polarization throughout a whole hadron store (about 8 hours).
F-DET-POL-HPOL-HJET.2
Silicon detectors must be located to the left and right of the beam direction (in the accelerator plane).
F-DET-POL-HPOL-HJET.3
The atomic target shall be polarized through a set of hyperfine transitions and the target polarization shall be monitored in a Breit-Rabi unit.
F-DET-POL-HPOL-HJET.4
The unpolarized molecular fraction of the target shall be continuously monitored with a beam gas analyzer.
F-DET-POL-HPOL-HJET.5
A Zero Degree Calorimeter shall be located downstream of the HJET (separated by a 10-12 Tm dipole magnet).

Proton Carbon Polarimeter

F-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.1
Six silicon detectors must be located to the left and right of the beam and under 45 degrees with respect to the accelerator plane.
F-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.2
The pC polarimeters shall be equipped with ultra-thin fiber targets which scan the beam profile horizontally and vertically.
F-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.3
The pC polarimeter target stations shall carry enough fiber targets to last throughout a year of EIC operations.
F-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.4
The bias current of the detectors shall be constantly monitored.

PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

These requirements quantify the performance levels that must be met by the sub-system during operation. These requirements provide the minimal critical specification1 that the engineering staff will use to design the system; i.e, "How well it does it."

Detector Systems

P-DET.1
The EIC central detector shall require a region free of interaction region magnets and other large collider equipment of at least 4.5 m in the backward and 5m in the forward direction around the interaction point.
P-DET.2
The EIC central solenoid magnet combined with tracking detectors shall be capable of providing momentum resolution to a level of spT/pT (%) = 0.05pT + 0.5 in the barrel region and to 0.1pT + 1 in the forward and backward region.
P-DET.3
The electromagnetic calorimeter in the central detector shall be capable of providing a resolution of s(E)/E ~ 10%/sqrt(E) + (1-3)% in the barrel and forward region and s(E)/E ~ 2%/sqrt(E) + (1-3)% in the backward region.
P-DET.4
The impact parameter resolution for heavy flavor measurements enabled by the vertex tracker shall be capable of providing a vertex resolution sxy of level 10/pT x 5 mm.
P-DET.5
The hadronic calorimeter in the central detector shall be capable of providing a resolution of s(E)/E ~ 50%/sqrt(E) + 10% in the forward region.
P-DET.6
The angular acceptance of the far-forward detection shall be capable of providing up to 20 mrad for charged particles and 4.5 mrad for neutrons.
P-DET.7
The acceptance of the far-backward electron detection shall be able to reach 0.0001 GeV < Q² < 0.1 GeV².
P-DET.8
The EIC central detector shall allow for separation of single-photons from neutral-pion decay into two photons, for momenta up to 10 GeV and to a level of TBD.
P-DET.9
The EIC central detector shall allow an electron-hadron separation with efficiency > 90% and a purity > 80%.
P-DET.10
The EIC central detector system shall have the resolution of 3s separation for particle identification of pions, kaons and protons with momenta up to 10 GeV/c in the barrel region, up to 50 GeV/c in the forward endcap region, and up to 7 GeV/c in the backward endcap region.
Tracking Systems

P-DET-TRAK.1
The tracking system must provide a minimum pT of 100 MeV π, 130 MeV K.
P-DET-TRAK.2
The tracking system shall provide cooling (air/liquid) for silicon sensors.
P-DET-TRAK.3
The tracking system shall provide power supplies for bias and low voltages.
P-DET-TRAK.4
The tracking system shall provide a gas mixing system for gaseous detectors.
Barrel Tracking Systems

P-DET-TRAK-BAR.1
The barrel tracking system shall provide a momentum resolution < 5%.
P-DET-TRAK-BAR.1
The barrel tracking system shall provide a low material budget: < 5% X0.
P-DET-TRAK-BAR.1
The barrel tracking system shall provide a momentum resolution of σp/p ~ 0.05%?p+0.5% in the rapidity region between -1 to 1.
P-DET-TRAK-BAR.3
The barrel tracking system shall provide a spatial resolution of σxy ∼ 20/pT ⊕ 5 μm in the rapidity region between -1 to 1.

Backward Tracking Systems

P-DET-TRAK-BCK.1
The backward tracking system shall provide coverage in rapidity region between -3.5 to -1.0.
P-DET-TRAK-BCK.2
The backward tracking system shall provide a momentum resolution of σp/p ~ 0.05%?p+1.0% in the rapidity region between -2.5 to -1.0.
P-DET-TRAK-BCK.3
The backward tracking system shall provide a momentum resolution of σp/p ~ 0.10%?p+2.0% in the rapidity region between -3.5 to -2.5.
P-DET-TRAK-BCK.4
The backward tracking system shall provide a spatial resolution of σxy ∼ 30/pT ⊕ 20 μm in the rapidity region between -2.5 to -1.0.
P-DET-TRAK-BCK.5
The backward tracking system shall provide a spatial resolution of σxy ∼ 30/pT ⊕ 40 μm in the rapidity region between -3.5 to -2.5.
P-DET-TRAK-FWD.1
The forward tracking system shall provide coverage in rapidity region between -1.0 to 3.5.

Forward Tracking Systems

P-DET-TRAK-FWD.2
The forward tracking system shall provide a momentum resolution of σp/p ~ 0.05%?p+1.0% in the rapidity region between 1.0 to 2.5.
P-DET-TRAK-FWD.3
The forward tracking system shall provide a momentum resolution of σp/p ~ 0.10%?p+2.0% in the rapidity region between 2.5 to 3.5.
P-DET-TRAK-FWD.4
The forward tracking system shall provide a spatial resolution of σxy ∼ 30/pT ⊕ 20 μm in the rapidity region between 1.0 to 2.5.
P-DET-TRAK-FWD.5
The forward tracking system shall provide a spatial resolution of σxy ∼ 30/pT ⊕ 40 μm in the rapidity region between 2.5 to 3.5.

Particle Identification Systems

Barrel PID Detectors

P-DET-PID-BAR.1
The PID detector in the barrel region shall differentiate between pions, kaons and protons at the level of 3 sigmas in the measured quantity up to particle momenta defined by the selected proposal.

Forward PID Detectors

P-DET-PID-FWD.1
The PID detector in the forward region shall differentiate between pions, kaons and protons at the level of 3 sigmas in the measured quantity up to particle momenta defined by the selected proposal.

Backward PID Detectors

P-DET-PID-BCK.1
The PID detector in the backward region shall differentiate between pions, kaons and protons at the level of 3 sigmas in the measured quantity up to particle momenta defined by the selected proposal.

Electromagnetic Calorimetry Systems

P-DET-ECAL.1
The noise level per channel shall be <2% of minimal photon energy.
P-DET-ECAL.2
A cooling system shall be provided for the SiPM sensors, with precise temperature control and gain correction for temperature drift.
P-DET-ECAL.3
The monitoring system shall contain: Light system (LED or laser), test pulse (for electronics), dark current (for SiPM).
Barrel EMCAL

P-DET-ECAL-BAR.1
Energy resolution shall be s(E)/E < 10%/sqrt(E) + (1-3)%.
P-DET-ECAL-BAR.2
System shall provide high power for e/pi separation down to 1 GeV/c.
P-DET-ECAL-BAR.3
System shall provide high granularity which is capable of distinguishing two showers with opening angle down to 0.02 (=> tower size).

Backward EMCAL

P-DET-ECAL-BCK.1
System shall cover pseudo rapidity down to -3.5.
P-DET-ECAL-BCK.2
Energy resolution in the most backward region shall be s(E)/E ~ (2-3)%/sqrt(E) + (1-2)%; in less backward region shall be <7%/sqrt(E) + (1-2)%.
P-DET-ECAL-BCK.3
System shall have high power for e/pi separation down to 1 GeV/c.
P-DET-ECAL-BCK.4
System shall have high granularity and be capable of distinguishing two showers with opening angle down to 0.015 (=>tower size).
P-DET-ECAL-BCK.6
System shall have low material budget on the way from the vertex: <5%X0 in the 1st half a way, or <10%X0 on the second half a way, or <30%X0 just in front of EMCal (within 10cm).
P-DET-ECAL-BCK.7
A cooling system shall be provided if PWO crystals are used.

Forward EMCAL

P-DET-ECAL-FWD.1
System shall have energy resolution s(E)/E < (10-12)%/sqrt(E) + (1-3)%.
P-DET-ECAL-FWD.2
System shall have sufficient granularity to be capable of distinguishing two showers with opening angle down to 0.005 (=>tower size).

Hadronic Calorimetry Systems

P-DET-HCAL.1
HCal layout shall minimize the gaps in coverage between barrel and endcaps.
P-DET-HCAL.2
Shall provide practical detection threshold ~500 MeV as defined in the EIC Yellow Report.
Barrel HCAL

P-DET-HCAL-BAR.1
Should have a moderate energy resolution s(E)/E ~ 100%/sqrt(E) + 10% constant term.
P-DET-HCAL-BAR.2
Must have sufficient granularity in azimuthal and polar angle to resolve neutral clusters.
P-DET-HCAL-BAR.3
Shall have sufficient radial depth to contain medium energy hadronic showers past 2-3 interaction length material of the e/m calorimeter and the solenoid.

Backward HCAL

P-DET-HCAL-BCK.1
Must provide capability to cover pseudo rapidity range down to at least -3.5.
P-DET-HCAL-BCK.2
Shall provide capability to have energy resolution s(E)/E ~ 50%/sqrt(E) + a 10% constant term.
P-DET-HCAL-BCK.3
Must provide space to have tower depth of 5-6 interaction lengths (together with the e/m section) in order to avoid longitudinal leakage for relatively small hadron energies in the e-endcap.

Forward HCAL

P-DET-HCAL-FWD.1
Must cover pseudo rapidity range up to at least 3.5.
P-DET-HCAL-FWD.2
Shall have energy resolution s(E)/E ~ 50%/sqrt(E) + a 10 % constant term.
P-DET-HCAL-FWD.3
Granularity (transverse tower size) should be ~10x10 cm^2 in order to be capable to efficiently disentangle energy deposits by different charged and neutral hadrons.
P-DET-HCAL-FWD.4
Must have tower depth of 6-7 interaction lengths (together with the e/m section) in order to avoid longitudinal leakage for highest energy hadrons at the EIC.

Solenoid Magnet

P-DET-MAG.1
The EIC detector magnet shall be able to operate at 4.5K (liquid Helium).
P-DET-MAG.2
The detector solenoid shall be able to operate at a lower field (0.5 T), without sacrificing the field quality.
P-DET-MAG.3
The detector solenoid shall be aligned along the electron axis.
P-DET-MAG.4
The detector solenoid cryostat should be able to fit well within the Barrel HCal (radially) and fit within the given space in the axial direction.
P-DET-MAG.5
The magnet shall provide a minimum 2.8 meter bore diameter to support insertion of the detector elements.
Magnet Instrumentation & Control

P-DET-MAG-I&C.1
The magnet I&C should be able diagnose a quench and initiate the energy dumping procedure.
P-DET-MAG-I&C.2
The magnet I&C should be able to provide all the interlocks required for the magnet safe operation.

Magnet Cryogenics

P-DET-MAG-CCR.1
The cryo-flex line should be long enough so that the magnet can be rolled out of Hall without disconnecting the cryo connection.

Magnet Power Supply

P-DET-MAG-PSU.1
Magnet power supply shall have a quench detection system.
P-DET-MAG-PSU.2
Magnet power supply shall be able to dump the magnet stored energy in a dump resistor.

Electronics Systems

P-DET-ELEC.1
In the current conceptual design, two ASICs shall be used for the readout of MPGD and photonic sensors. These will be 64-channel, 1 W nominal power consumption. MPGDs: amplification (1 to 10), shaping (40 to 250 ns), digitization (12-bit precision), better than 20 ns timing resolution. Photonic sensors: amplification (2 to 30 mV/fC), shaping (1 to 40 ns), digitization (10 to 14-bit precision), timing resolution (100 ps to <1 ns).
P-DET-ELEC.2
FEB shall include ASICs, support components and optical fiber interfaces, where applicable. FEBs may implement data reduction techniques, such as zero suppression, to reduce data volume.
P-DET-ELEC.3
FEP shall include FPGAs and interface via optical fibers to the FEPs and DAQ. Data aggregation (10:1), reduction techniques and processing via ML/AI algorithms shall reduce data volume by a factor of 10 or more during normal operation.
P-DET-ELEC.4
Electronics and electronic components shall meet commercial operating environment specifications; critical systems shall consider conformance to industrial specifications, and use industrial/automotive grade components when available and economically feasible.
P-DET-ELEC.5
The detector ground (i.e., Clean Ground) shall be segregated from other equipment grounding. The grounding around the solenoid and the south platform from the detector ground reference, which shall be isolated from other systems and structures and connected to the experimental area ground via six (6) low impedance, insulated 4/0 wires. Other equipment, such as the solenoid power supplies and control systems, shall connect to the experimental area grounding connection separately from the clean ground. All connections shall be effected via low impedance insulated wires (e.g., 4/0). These wires shall have differently colored insulation for easy identification of segregated grounds.
P-DET-ELEC.6
Power supplies (HV, LV, Bias) shall be of the floating type and referenced to the detector clean ground.
P-DET-ELEC.7
Cabling shall be rated to National Electrical Code (NEC) 2020, NFPA 70, UL CL2 or better. Cable jackets shall be marked to UL standards by the manufacturer. Cables rated with the X suffix (Dwellings) (e.g., CL2X, CMX) are not permitted.
P-DET-ELEC.8
Cable routing shall conform to NECA/NEMA 105/2007 for open cable tray systems.
P-DET-ELEC.9
All electrical equipment in the experimental area shall conform to EMI/RFI standards FCC Class B, CISPR11/EN 55011 Class B, CISPR22/EN 55022 Class B, EN 61000-6-3 or equivalent. Exceptions shall be evaluated via EMI/RFI measurement surveys.
P-DET-ELEC.10
Cabinet racks (19 inch type), open or closed frame types (e.g., Hammond C4F247736), shall be COTS and equipped with horizontal and vertical cable managers. These shall accommodate a minimum of three equipment crates or chassis.
P-DET-ELEC.11
Equipment crates or chassis for HV, LV and Bias supplies and for data acquisition shall be rated for a maximum of 2.5 kW each and powered from 120 VAC or 208 VAC 3-phase, preferably.
P-DET-ELEC.12
Any equipment that is powered by a plug and cord shall be either listed by a Nationally Recognized Testing Lab (NRTL) such as UL or have been approved by the Laboratory EEI (Electrical Equipment Inspection) program.
P-DET-ELEC.13
Cables shall have sufficient excess length (slack or service loop) to allow connection without strain. Cables outside of the enclosure shall be dressed in a way that allows removal of any module without obstruction, those inside the enclosure shall have sufficient slack to allow visual inspection, connection, and disconnection with all other modules installed.
P-DET-ELEC.14
Electrical components shall be derated to 80%, if the manufacturer has not already done so, and if such derating is economically feasible.
P-DET-ELEC.15
Enclosures and removable modules should use captive hardware when possible.

Data Acquisition and Computing Systems

P-DET-COMP.1
All computing resources in the experimental hall and counting house must have access to both 120V AC and 208V AC 3 phase power.
P-DET-COMP.2
Online and Slow control services in the DAQ bunker areas in the experimental hall must have access to a "clean" ground to maintain good signal quality.
P-DET-COMP.3
Online and Slow control services in the DAQ bunker areas must be shielded from prompt radiation from the beam crossing region of the EIC detector to minimize electronics failures.
P-DET-COMP.4
User management of required cabling shall be facilitated via a combination of cable trays and/or conduit between the experimental hall fiber patch panels and each DAQ bunker.
Online Computing Systems

P-DET-COMP-ONLINE.1
Rack Room Online computing shall sit on a raised floor to allow for forced air, power and signal cabling to be routed to all racks.
P-DET-COMP-ONLINE.2
Rack Room Online computing shall require electrical power via raised floor distribution sufficient to support XX kW total power usage levels.
P-DET-COMP-ONLINE.3
Rack Room Online computing shall require HVAC cooling via raised floor distribution sufficient to support a XX kW power outlay at temps at or below 76 degrees Fahrenheit.
P-DET-COMP-ONLINE.4
Fiber connected to patch panels from the Rack Room to the external Data Center shall at a minimum be implemented with enough single mode fiber capable of supporting redundant 100Gb and 400Gb bidirectional network links.
P-DET-COMP-ONLINE.5
Fiber connected to patch panels from the Rack Room to Experimental Hall Patch panel shall be implemented with enough single and/or multi-mode fiber capable of supporting both commercial and proprietary bidirectional serial links for all detector system requirements. Minimum aggregate bandwidth capabilities shall not be less than 10Tb/s.
P-DET-COMP-ONLINE.6
Online data processing capabilities within the experimental hall and counting house shall be sufficient to support event identification, background & noise suppression and data quality monitoring necessary to be able to keep up with front-end data rates and temporarily store filtered data - ready for further offline processing.
P-DET-COMP-ONLINE.7
Online data storage capabilities within the counting house COMP resources shall be fast enough to keep up with processed data rates and large enough to hold all acquired data locally for up to 48 hours.

Offline Computing Systems

P-DET-COMP-OFFLINE.1
External data center resources shall be able to accept data transfers from the Counting House online systems at 1 Tb/s aggregate throughput or greater.

Detector Infrastructure

Cryogenic Systems

P-DET-INF-CRYO.1
The cryogenic system shall provide a flow rate of XX g/s to the experimental solenoid.

Mechanical/Structural Systems

P-DET-INF-MECH.1
The floor, rails and cradle shall be capable of supporting a static or moving load of XX kg (central detector).
P-DET-INF-MECH.2
A rail system for the end cap calorimeters shall be installed that is sufficient to carry XX kg and create a free center gap of XX centimeters.

Electrical Systems

P-DET-INF-ELEC.1
60 Amp 4 wire power (120/ 208V AC) shall be fed to each 19-inch equipment rack from a circuit breaker on the detector platform.
P-DET-INF-ELEC.2
Cabinets are bonded/ grounded to the appropriate clean ground.

Cooling Systems

P-DET-INF-COOL.1
The temperature in the WAH should be maintained between 20°C to 25°C
P-DET-INF-COOL.2
Relative Humidity between 30% to 50% to prevent condensation.
P-DET-INF-COOL.3
Where fan/ blower cooling is inadequate, water-cooled heat exchangers are required to maintain the ambient environment of enclosed electronic assemblies and equipment to a temperature of under 40°C.

Gas Systems

P-DET-INF-GAS.1
Gas based detectors shall be provided with the appropriate gas handling systems.

IR Integration and Ancillary Detector Systems

B0 System

P-DET-ANC-B0.1
B0 tracker will have granularity XX (to be determined)
P-DET-ANC-B0.2
B0- tracker will have XX layers (to be determined)
P-DET-ANC-B0.3
B0 pre-shower thickness will be XX [ X/X0] (to be determined)
P-DET-ANC-B0.4
B0 system dimensions will be XX [cm] in X and XX [cm] in Y (to be determined)

Low-Q2 System

P-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.1
Low- Q² tracker will have granularity XX (to be determined)
P-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.2
Low- Q² calorimeter will have Z-segmentation XX (to be determined)
P-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.3
Low- Q² calorimeter will have granularity ( cell size) XX (to be determined)
P-DET-ANC-LOWQ2.4
Low- Q² will have dimensions XX in X and XX in Y (to be determined)

Off Momentum Detectors

P-DET-ANC-OFFMO.1
OFFM tracker will have granularity XX (to be determined)
P-DET-ANC-OFFMO.2
OFFM tracker will have XX layers (to be determined)
P-DET-ANC-OFFMO.3
OFFM will have XX number of stations (to be determined)
P-DET-ANC-OFFMO.4
OFFM system dimensions will be XX [cm] in X and XX [cm] in Y (to be determined)

Roman Pots

P-DET-ANC-ROMAN.1
RPOT tracker will have granularity XX (to be determined)
P-DET-ANC-ROMAN.2
RPOT will have XX number of layers (to be determined)
P-DET-ANC-ROMAN.3
RPOT will have number of stations (to be determined)
P-DET-ANC-ROMAN.4
RPOT system dimensions will have XX [cm] in X and XX [cm] in Y (to be determined)

Zero Degree Calorimeter

P-DET-ANC-ZDC.1
ZDC granularity will be XX (to be determined)
P-DET-ANC-ZDC.2
ZDC will have XX number of layers (to be determined)
P-DET-ANC-ZDC.3
ZDC will have XX stations (to be determined)
P-DET-ANC-ZDC.4
ZDC system will have dimensions 60 [cm] in X and 60 [cm] in Y (to be determined)

Polarimetry and Luminosity Systems

P-DET-POL.1
The beam polarizations shall be measured to within 1% or less (relative).
P-DET-POL.2
The polarimeters must be able to determine the polarization vector.
Electron Polarimeter

P-DET-POL-EPOL.1
The laser average power shall be 5-10 W, with a wavelength = 532 nm.
P-DET-POL-EPOL.2
The laser beam M2 will be approximately 1 (diffraction limited).
ESR Compton Polarimeter

P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.1
The systematic and statistical uncertainty will be 1% or better.
P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.2
The measurement time shall be less than the bunch lifetime in the ring (~2 minutes).
P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.4
The laser repetition rate shall match the beam frequency (25-100 MHz) and will have the capability of achieving a ~75 kHz pulse rate.
P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.6
The time response of all detectors (electron and photon) will be sufficient to resolve beam bunch (<10 ns).
P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.7
The electron detector shall cover at least 6 cm (horizontal) (to be verified).
P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.8
The electron strip detector pitch shall be 400 um or smaller (to be verified).
P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.9
The photon calorimeter and strip detector will cover at least 4 x 4 cm² (to be verified).
P-DET-POL-EPOL-ESR.10
The photon detector strip detector pitch shall be ~100 um (to be verified).

ESR Compton Polarimeter

P-DET-POL-EPOL-RCS.1
The systematic and statistical uncertainty will be better than 5% (to be verified).
P-DET-POL-EPOL-RCS.2
The measurement time will be less than 10-20 minutes.
P-DET-POL-EPOL-RCS.4
The laser repetition rate shall be 2-100, Hz, with a 3-10 ns pulse-width.
P-DET-POL-EPOL-RCS.6
The photon detector segmentation will be XX (to be determined).

Hadron Polarimeter

P-DET-POL-HPOL.1
Each detector shall consists of 12 vertical Si strips (1.375 mm pitch).
P-DET-POL-HPOL.2
The energy resolution shall be 25 keV or better.
P-DET-POL-HPOL.3
The time resolution of the waveform digitizers shall be 0.5 ns or better.
HJET Polarimeter

P-DET-POL-HPOL-HJET.1
The relative uncertainty of the beam polarization measurement must be 1% or less.

Proton Carbon Polarimeter

P-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.1
The pC devices shall measure the relative beam polarization within 30 seconds with an uncertainty of 2% or less.
P-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.2
The target fibers shall be thin enough to provide a measurement of the transverse polarization profile of the beam bunches.
P-DET-POL-HPOL-pC.3
The pC polarimeter shall be able to measure the bunch-by-bunch polarization for each hadron beam fill.